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Sabtu, 20 Desember 2008

President Bush ducks as the shoes are thrown

A surprise visit by US President George Bush to Iraq has been overshadowed by an incident in which two shoes were thrown at him during a news conference.
An Iraqi journalist was wrestled to the floor by security guards after he called Mr Bush "a dog" and threw his footwear, just missing the president.
The US president has now continued to Afghanistan to inspect troops there.
He arrived before dawn at Bagram air force base, and is due to hold talks with President Hamid Karzai.
Earlier in Baghdad, Mr Bush and Iraqi PM Nouri Maliki signed the new security agreement between their countries.
The pact calls for US troops to leave Iraq in 2011 - eight years after the 2003 invasion that has in part defined the Bush presidency.
If you want the facts, it's a size 10 shoe that he threw
US President George W Bush
Bush shoe-ing worst Arab insult
Speaking just over five weeks before he hands over power to Barack Obama, Mr Bush also said the war in Iraq was not over and more work remained to be done.
His previously unannounced visit came a day after Defence Secretary Robert Gates told US troops the Iraq mission was in its "endgame".
'Size 10'
In the middle of the news conference with Mr Maliki, Iraqi television journalist Muntadar al-Zaidi stood up and shouted "this is a goodbye kiss from the Iraqi people, dog," before hurling a shoe at Mr Bush which narrowly missed him.
Showing the soles of shoes to someone is a sign of contempt in Arab culture.

Muntadar al-Zaidi was quickly wrestled to the ground and hauled away
With his second shoe, which the president also managed to dodge, Mr Zaidi said: "This is for the widows and orphans and all those killed in Iraq."
Mr Zaidi, a correspondent for Cairo-based al-Baghdadiya TV, was then wrestled to the ground by security personnel and hauled away.
"If you want the facts, it's a size 10 shoe that he threw," Mr Bush joked afterwards.
Al-Baghdadiya's bureau chief told the Associated Press that he had no idea what prompted Mr Zaidi to attack President Bush, although reports say he was once kidnapped by a militia and beaten up.
"I am trying to reach Muntadar since the incident, but in vain," said Fityan Mohammed. "His phone is switched off."
Correspondents said the attack was symbolic. Iraqis threw shoes and used them to beat Saddam Hussein's statue after his overthrow.
'American security'
Mr Bush's first stop upon arriving in Baghdad was the Iraqi presidential palace in the heavily-fortified Green Zone, where he held talks with President Jalal Talabani.
PREVIOUS BUSH VISITS TO IRAQ
Nov 2003: Serves Thanksgiving dinner to troops in Baghdad
June 2006: Meets new Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki
Sept 2007: Visits Anbar province - former stronghold of Saddam Hussein
"The work hasn't been easy but it's been necessary for American security, Iraqi hope and world peace," Mr Bush said during his talks with Mr Talabani.
The Iraqi president called Mr Bush "a great friend for the Iraqi people, who helped us liberate our country".
The BBC's Humphrey Hawksley, in Baghdad, says the key issue at present is exactly how American troops will withdraw within the next three years and what sort of Iraq they will leave behind.
President Bush said events have been necessary for US security and world peace
The US media has just published details of a US government report saying that post invasion reconstruction of Iraq was crippled by bureaucratic turf wars and an ignorance of the basic elements of Iraqi society.
The report is circulating among US officials in draft form, says the New York Times.
It reveals details of a reconstruction effort that cost more than $100bn (£67bn) and only succeeded in restoring what was destroyed in the invasion and the widespread looting that followed it, the newspaper said.
Troop promises
George Bush says being pelted with shoes could be one of the 'weirdest' moments of his presidencyMr Bush's visit, unannounced in advance and conducted under tight security, follows the approval last month of a security pact between Washington and Baghdad that calls for US troops to be withdrawn from Iraq by the end of 2011.
US troops are first to withdraw from Iraqi cities, including Baghdad, by June next year.
Defence Secretary Gates said on Saturday that "the process of the drawdown" had begun.
"We are, I believe, in terms of the American commitment, in the endgame here in Iraq," he told US troops at an airbase near Baghdad.
Mr Gates has been picked to stay on as defence secretary by President-elect Barack Obama.

The end in sight for US troops in Iraq?
President Bush leaves the White House in less than six weeks. He said in a recent interview with ABC News that the biggest regret of his presidency was the false intelligence that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.
Finding these was one of the key justifications for the invasion. None were ever found.
Mr Obama has promised to bring home US combat troops from Iraq in a little over a year from when he takes office in January.
More than 4,200 US troops and tens of thousands of Iraqi civilians and security personnel have been killed since the invasion in 2003.
There are currently about 149,000 US soldiers in Iraq, down from last year's peak of 170,000 after extra troops were poured in to deal with a worsening security situation.
As Mr Bush arrived in Baghdad, Gen David Petraeus, the head of the US Central Command, which includes Iraq, said attacks in the country had dropped from 180 a day in June 2007 to 10 a day now.
In a sign of modest security gains in Iraq, Mr Bush was welcomed with a formal arrival ceremony - a flourish that was not part of his previous three visits.
He arrived in the country on Air Force One, which landed at Baghdad International Airport in the afternoon, after a secretive Saturday night departure from Washington on an 11-hour flight.

Jumat, 12 Desember 2008

Salah Tempat


ini gak salah tempat ya?? bukannya harus dibelakang

Great lady


TEgapan mana??? Wakakakakakakakak



I Know What i want

http://www.thosefunnypictures.com/picture/6682/smart-snake.html

nice dog


Ayo Jangan lupa pakai helm anjing aja pakaiTambah Video


Rabu, 10 Desember 2008

Anehhhhhhhhhhhhh

Lihat coi Ada gambar cewek seksi,
mantap krina kata orang karo









saranku jangan dilihat deh kebawah . pasti nyesal. serius ngak bohong






























Yakin mau lihat terus???????????????
ya udah deh terserah situ gimana maunya.






























tuh kan dibilangin pasti nyesal.
wakakakakkakaakakkakakak


Minggu, 07 Desember 2008

Teknik Memimpin Diskusi Kelompok

Setiap manusia dalam proses berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya suatu ketika tentu akan mengetahui bahwa ada begitu banyak persoalan-persoalan pribadi dan hubungan antar pribadi dalam lingkungan sosialnya yang tidak dapat diselesaikannya sendiri. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan penilaian dan dialog dari pribadi-pribadi lainnya berkaitan dengan persoalan yang dihadapinya. Proses pemecahan masalah itulah yang kita kenal dengan diskusi.

Tujuan berdiskusi diantaranya :
Untuk menyelami masalah secara lebih baik, hubungannya dengan orang-orang yang terlibat maupun pribasdi.
Untuk dapat merencanakan tindakan penyelesaian persoalan yang dihadapi.
Untuk dapat bertindak bersama-sama sesuai dengan rencana yang telah disepakati.

Didalam mengelola diskusi kelompok ada dua prinsip dasar yang harus dipahami oleh pemimpin kelompok yaitu berpikir dan bersama. Berpikir yang dimaksudkan yaitu dalam proses perumusan dan penyelesaian masalah penelaahan dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh, menggunakan akal budi dan mengajukan pertanyaan mengenai persoalan itu. Singkat kata : berpikir dalam diskusi kelompok yaitu berpikir secara Realisme. Realisme berarti se-relevan mungkin se-kontekstual mungkin dengan keadaan sebenarnya yang dialami peserta diskusi dengan se-ekspresif mungkin. Tanpa pola pikir yang realis, maka diskusi akan menjadi sempit, tanpa perspektif (kabur). Yang mendorong orang untuk bergabung dalam berpikir adalah usaha untuk mengetahui realistis tidaknya pemikirannya sendiri apabila dikaji dan dibandingkan dengan sesamanya. Hal inilah yang melandasi kata bersama didalam diskusi. Kesimpulan-kesimpulan yang diambil tidak bersifat pribadi tetapi lebih kepada rumusan bersama yang telah di-dialog-kan dengan peserta diskusi. Dan dengan bertemunya pandangan-pandangan ini akan menciptakan pandangan baru yang lebih riil, karena lebih luas dasarnya.

Didalam teknis men-dialog-kan persoalan yang ada, ada satu sikap mendasar yang perlu yaitu “penghargaan” atas diri dan rekan, atas opini dan kesimpulan. Sikap saling menghargai inilah yang harus ditanamkan oleh pimpinan kelompok.

Teknik Memimpin Diskusi.
1. Bentuk Lingkaran atau Bentuk U.
Teknik ini digunakan untuk menciptakan kondisi informal, kesan rileks, dan peserta saling berhadapan muka. Dengan suasana informil peserta tidak merasa terikat dan kaku sehingga diharapkan dapat terjalin komunikasi yang semaksimal mungkin.
2. Bentuk Kelas
Metode ini dipergunakan ketika peserta diskusi kurang aktif dan terkesan menghindar ketika ditanya pendapatnnya. Pada saat ini pemimpin kelompok harus jeli dan menciptakan kesan formal yang mengkondisikan setiap peserta harus mengemukakan pendapatnya. Pada metode kelas ini peserta tidak saling berhadapan; dan peran pimpinan kelompok sangat vital dan cenderung mendominasi terutama dalam menarik kesimpulan dan mengarahkan opini utama sebagai penyelesaian pokok permasalahan.

Tahap-tahap penyelesaian masalah dalam diskusi kelompok :
Dikemukakan Persoalan (oleh PIKO)
Persoalan diselami, dijelaskan dan disetujui oleh kelompok
Pemecahan persoalan dikemukakan
Pemecahan utama akan tampak dari rangkaian dialog
Penyesuaian paham atau mufakat tercapai.


Tips dalam merumuskan persoalan :
Rumusan persoalan yang dikemukakan oleh pimpinan kelompok hendaknya dapat mendorong kebebasan berpikir peserta.
Rumusan persoalan hendaknya dapat menimbulkan pertukaran pikiran dan memancing terjadinya pertukaran pendapat.
Rumusan persoalan sebaiknya singkat, jelas dan mudah dimengerti.

Hal-hal pokok tugas pimpinan kelompok :
Tidak berat sebelah
Mengatur Lalulintas Pembicaraan
Mengerti Pendapat yang dikemukakan
Membangkitkan keberanian berbicara

Teknik-teknik alternatif didalam pengelolaan kelompok kecil :
Metode Perwakilan
Metode Sandiwara
Metode Penemuan Masalah

Memahami Kondisi Psikologis dari Peserta
Paham akan kondisi psikologis peserta adalah hal utama disaat dilakukan evaluasi perkembangan dan keterlibatan peserta didalam kelompok. Memahami kondisi psikologis peserta berarti paham akan dunia tiap peserta, paham akan kekhususan dan keunikan peserta. Paham akan hal ini berarti kita akan memahami perbedaan pola pikir, gaya bicara dan sikap setiap peserta. Ada beberapa metode alternatif yang dapat dilakukan. Umumnya pimpinan kelompok melakukan dialog bergilir dan membongkar latar belakang peserta. Alternatif lain yaitu melakukan pendekatan secara pasif. Hal ini membutuhkan ke-sensitifanseorang pimpinan kelompok. Tahapannya :

Memahami Sifat Aku Sejati Peserta
Sifat aku sejati adalah kepribadian dasar yang terpendam dalam diri manusia. Sifat Sejati ini dipengaruhi perkembangannya terutama oleh lingkungannya dan prinsip-prinsip mendasar yang tertanam. Sering sekali sifat ini tidak akan muncul ketika terjadi perdebatan seputar perumusan masalah yang kontradiktif dengan sifat bentukan. Pemimpin kelompok dapat memperhatikan hal ini ketika terjadi dialog, dengan segala cara seseorang akan mempertahankan satu opini dengan penjelasana yang tidak lagi realis. Dia berusaha mempertahankan Status Quo Sifat Bentukannya dan akan berontak; tetapi ketika terjadi tahap pemecahan utama, maka didalam penyesuaian paham akan muncul sifat yang berbeda sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap pemecahan masalah. Kecenderungan yang terjadi, seorang pimpinan kelompok dan peserta menanggapi perubahan ini sebagai inkonsistensi personal, tetapi sebenarnya ini adalah sebuah pernyataan sikap ‘inilah aku’ yang sebenarnya.

Pembenaran Aku Bentukan
Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam proses dialog yang terjadi, peserta cenderung menjadi agresor dan penentang terhadap ide dan saran peserta lainnya; dan ada juga yang menunjukkan sikap diam dan menjauh dari inti masalah. Tetapi ini sebenarnya merupakan langkah awal dari pembebasan Aku Sejati didalam diri peserta.

3. Peranan Diskusi Kelompok : Pembebasan Aku Sejati
Proses pembebasan sikap dasar setiap peserta diskusi akan berlangsung secara otomatis saat terjadi persinggungan ide dan saran, bahkan lebih jauh saat terjadi persinggungan sikap antar peserta. Hal ini dimulai ketika proses pengolahan pemecahan masalah berlangsung dan akan terjadi klimaks dimana saat ini peranan pimpinan kelompok sangat menentukan didalam menarik kesimpulan.

Penyesuaian Pemahaman : Koreksi Aku Sejati
Hal ini akan tampak dari apresiasi peserta terhadap pemecahan masalah. Dalam tahap ini akan kontras perbedaan sikap dan kemampuan peserta dalam menerima dan melaksanakan hasil diskusi.

Hasil Diskusi
Output Diskusi Kelompok:
1. Pemecahan Persoalan
2. Evaluasi Perkembangan Pribadi

Dengan memahami perkembangan dan kondisi psikologis peserta maka dapat dilakukan evaluasi yang meliputi : pengehargaan diri, pengertian, keberanian berbicara, keyakinan diri dan kemampuan untuk bekerjasama dengan orang lain.

Management Program

Defenisi Manejemen yang paling populer :
· Manajemen adalah menyelesaikan tugas-tugas melalui orang lain.
· Manajemen adalah perencanaan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan dan pengawasan.
definisi lainnya :
· Suatu proses mempengaruhi dan membujuk orang lain.
· Suatu proses penilaian dan pengambilan keputusan.
Agar seseorang dapat mengelola dengan baik, ia harus bisa mengaplikasikan peengetahuan dan pengalamannya dari berbagai lapangan serta dalam situasi yang berbeda.

Jadi Managemen Program :
Adalah proses menyelesaikan program yang ditugaskan dengan kita sebagai suatu tanggung jawab melalui orang lain dengan melakukan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan dan pengawasan dengan metode yang tepat sesuai dengan ruang lingkup, kondisi dan budaya organisasi yang kita pimpin.

Dalam memimpin organisasi ada delapan prinsip managemen yang harus kita pahami dalam hal memperbaiki kinerja :
1. Fokus kepada Kebutuhan Anggota
2. Kepemimpinan
3. Keterlibatan Anggota
4. Pendekatan Program
5. Pendekatan Sistem Dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Program
6. Pengkaderan / Pembinan yang terus menerus
7. Dalam Mengambil Keputusan selalu Menggunakan Fakta yang Benar
8. Menjaga Hubungan yang Baik dengan Lembaga-Lembaga yang Terkait.
1. Fokus kepada Kebutuhan Anggota.
Organisasi bergantung pada anggota mereka dan oleh karena itu harus memahami kebutuhan anggota saat ini dan dimasa yang akan datang, berusaha memenuhi keinginan anggota dan kalau boleh berusaha kera untuk melebihi pengharapan dari anggota itu.
§ Memahami secara keseluruhan kebutuhan dan pengharapan anggota.
§ Menyeimbangkan keinginan anggota dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan
§ Mensosialisasikan apa kebutuhan dan keinginan anggota dan mengambil tindakan atas hasil yang didapat.
§ Membina hubungan yang baik dengan anggota
2. Kepemimpinan
Pemimpin menetapkan kestuan tujuan dan arahan organisasi. Mereka harus menciptakan dan memelihara lingkungan internal dimana seluruh anggota dapat terlibat secara penuh untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi..
§ Proaktif dan memimpin dengan memberikan contoh
§ Memahami dan merespon perubahan di lingkungan internal
§ Menetapkan Visi yang jelas dari masa depan organisasi
§ Menetapkan nilai-nilai kebersamaan dan etika
§ Membangun kepercayaan, Menghilangkan kecemasan, jujur dan komunikasi terbuka
§ Menyediakan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan dan bebas untuk berpikir
§ Memberikan inspirasi, mendorong dan mengakui kontribusi
§ Mendidik, melatih dan membimbing anggota
§ Menentukan tujuan dan malaksanakan strategi


3. Keterlibatan Anggota
Anggota disemua tingkatan adalah inti dari organisasi dan keterlibatan mereka secara penuh dapat digunakan untuk keuntungan organisasi.
§ Menerima kepemilikan personal dan tanggung jawab untuk memecahkan permasalahan
§ Secara aktif mencari kesempatan untuk melakukan perbaikan
§ Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kompetensi
§ Berbagai pengetahuan dan informasi secara bebas
§ Fokus pada penciptaan nilai bagi anggota
§ Inovatif dan Kreatif untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi
§ Mewakili organisasi dengan baik didalam maupun diluar organisasi
§ Mendapat kepuasan dari partisipasinya dalam organisasi
§ Antusias dan bangga menjadi bagian organisasi.
4. Pendekatan Program
Hasil yang diinginkan dapat dicapai dengan lebih efisien jika sumber daya dan aktivitas yang saling terkait dikelola sebagai sebuah program.
§ Menentukan program
§ Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan anggota dan keinginan anggota
§ Mengidentifikasi program-program yang dapat dikerjakan sendiri yang dapat dikerjakan sendiri dan yang dapat dilaksanakan anggota
§ mengevaluasi resiko yang mungkin terjadi dan konsekuensi dari progaram-program yang akan dilakukan dan mana program yang harus saling terkait
§ Kejelasan akan tanggungjawab dan wewenang dari pengelolaan program
§ Memperhatikan dengan seksama akan konsekuensi ketersediaan sumber dayadalm merencanakn suatu program.
5. Pendekatan Sistem dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Progaram
Mengidentifikasi, memashami dan menfgelola sistem dari program-progarm yang saling terkait dengan menetapkan sasaran untuk memperbaiki efisiensi dan efektivitas organisasi.
§ Menentukan sistem dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengembangkan progaram-program yang mempengaruhi tujuan/sasaran organisasi yang telah ditentukan
§ Menetapkan sistem untuk mencapai tujuen / sasaran dengan sangat efisien
§ Memahami keterkaitan antar program
§ Memperbaiki sisiterm secara terus menerus dengan evaluasi secara teratur
§ Memahami sumber daya yang menjadi penghambat sebelum melakukan program.
6. Pengkaderan / Pembinaan yang Berkesinambungan
Pengkaderan yang berkesinambungan harus menjadi tujuan permanen dari organisasi.
§ Menetapkan peningkatan terus menerus sebagai sasaran bagi semua orang
§ Perbaikan dengan peningkatan dan terobosan baru
§ Secara periodik membandingkan dengan kriteria yang diharapkan untuk identifikasi perbaikan
§ Secara terus menerus memperbaiki efisiensi dan efektivitas proses
§ Melaksanakan pencegahan
§ Melatih semua karyawan dalam hal metode dan alat untuk melakukan peningkatan
§ Menyediakan pengukuran dan sasaran untuk memanbdu dan melacak perbaikan
§ Mengakui perbaikan

7. Dalam mengambil keputusan selalu Menggunakan fakta yang benar

Keputusan yang efektif adalah keputusan yang didasarkan pada analisa data dan informasi
§ Konsen akan informasi dan data yang relevan
§ Meyakinkan bahwa infomasi tersebut akurat, mencukupi dan dapat diambil
§ Melakukan analisa data dan informasi dengan menggunakan metode yang vasslid sebelum memberikan respon atau keputusan
§ Memahami teknik mencari dan mengelola informasi dan data yang benar
§ Menyeimbangkan analisa logis dengan pengalaman dan intuisi untuk mengambil keputusan.

8. Menjaga Hubungan yang baik dengan Lembaga-Lembaga yang terkait

Organisasi dan lembaga organisasi lainnya p[ada dasarnya saling bergantung satu dengan yang lainnya dan hubungan saling menguntungkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kondisi yang lebih baik secara bersama dan saling menguntungkan.
Memahami dan mengenali mitra utama dalam menjalankan organisasi
Menyeimbangkan kepentingan jangka pendek dengan pertimbanagn akan kepentingan jangka panjang
komunikasi terbuka dan bersahabat
Melakukan kerjasama yang baik dalam rangka pembinaan anggota dan sering informasi dan pemahaman
Bekerjasama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan anggota
Berbagi informasi dan rencana dimasa yang akan datang
Mengakui eksistensi dan perbedaan kultur masing-masing.


Dalam menjalankan Progaram yang baik bagi suatu organisasi dengan sejumlah pengurus yang masih baru tentu tidak gampang. Oleh sebab itu sebagai pengurus sadar atau tidak sadar mempunyai level tanggungjawab lebih dari semua anggota yang ada di organisasi.
Oleh sebab itu disamping dalam prinsip managemen yang diterangkan diatas ada lagi yang harus dipahami oleh orang perorang PK dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai Pelayan yang Memimpin dan Pemimpin yang Melayani.

Dasar-dasar Pengurus yang efektif:

Pengurus yang efektif ibarat sebuah perkawinan yang solid (kokoh) tergantung pada pengembangan dasar-dasar, adapun dasar – dasar pengurus yang efektif dalam me-manage program adalah :

1.Kepercayaan
2.Kompetensi
3.Keadilan
4.Respek / Rasa Hormat
5.Keyakinan

Akhirnya dengan materi ini diharapkan kita selaku pengurus dapat belajar dan bekerja dengan dengan mencoba menerapakan prinsip managemen tersebut.

S y a l o m

CARA MENULIS BERITA

CARA MENULIS BERITA

1. Tentu yang pertama-tama harus dilakukan adalah menulis draf berita (berita utama), dengan kalimat-kalimat aktif yang langsung dan benar-benar menghentak. Kalimat kalimat yang digunakan dapat mengekspresikan kejadian tersebut secara faktual dan aktual.
Tentu yang pertama ditulis adalah lead atau teras berita. Di atasnya jelas ada baris tanggal dan (atau) disertai nama media.
Gunakanlah lead what dan who dalam berita bencana, kecelakaan dan musibah lainnya.

2. Rencanakan judul berita utama yang singkat, memukau-"eyecatching", dan menghentak.
Tuliskan anatomi berita dengan kalimat-kalimat yang "consice" saling berpaut, serta menunjukkan jalinan substansi yang komprehensif.
3. CONTOH Menulis Lead What dan Who.
Tabrakan Maut, 40 Orang Tewas
Solo, KOMPAS
Tabrakan bus dengan kereta api di Solo, Sabtu pagi, 31 Mei, sungguh amat mengerikan, karena menewaskan 40 orang sekaligus. Mayat para korban luluh lantak tergilas di rel kereta, sementara bus Sinar Mas yang terseruduk KA Argo Lawu, hancur berantakan tanpa bentuk.
Tabrakan maut pada pukul 6.00 WIB itu, terjadi pada saat Kota Solo masih lengang dan lalu lintas masih sepi.
40 Orang Tewas dalam
Tabrakan Maut di Solo
Solo, 31 Mei
Sebanyak 40 orang tewas secara mengenaskan pada tabrakan maut antara kereta api malam Argo Lawu dengan bus Sinar Mas jurusan Ponorogo. Begitu dahsyatnya tabrakan Sabtu pagi 31 Mei tersebut, sehingga jenazah para penumpang bus luluh lantak, dan sulit dikenali lagi.
4. How atau Bagaimana suatu bencana bisa terjadi, suatu pertunjukan musik bisa terselenggara, suatu pembunuhan bisa terungkapkan, bagaimana suatu permusuhan bisa didamaikan. Atau mengapa pemerintah menaikkan harga BBM. Alasan-alasan rasional, irasional termasuk apologinya.
Lead How atau bagaimana solusi atas kepadatan atau kemacetan lalu lintas yang semakin mengancam kenyamanan perjalanan di Jakarta dan Botabek. Atau bagaimana solusi atas harga-harga bahan pokok yang terus melonjak, mengerem inflasi dan sebagainya.
Unsur how atau bagaimana dan why atau mengapa, dalam jurnalistik masa kini, amat diperhatikan dan menjadi acuan untuk menulis berita.
Unsur How dan Why menjadi utama di masa modern sekarang, oleh karena keingintahuan manusia tentang latar belakang suatu masalah, peristiwa, dan juga bagaimana penyelesaian atau solusinya. Karena itu Lead How dan Why menjadi "tools" yang cukup penting dalam berita-berita utama, berita mendalam, dan berita investigasi pers modern.
5. Dalam setiap penulisan berita unsur Siapa, Apa dan Kapan menjadi acuan dan standar intro atau lead (teras). Namun, seperti disebutkan di atas, media massa cetak sekarang berupaya untuk menonjolkan intro atau teras berita, dengan mengemukakan unsur Mengapa dan Bagaimana.
Dalam penulisan seorang wartawan yang handal biasanya menggunakan kalimat-kalimat yang pendek, tetapi tetap bermakna, jelas dan padat. Yang utama adalah menggunakan sedapat mungkin kalimat aktif.
CONTOH
1. Contoh menulis kalimat dengan Siapa, Apa dan Di mana.

-Presiden Megawati Soekarnoputri mengatakan, aparat pemerintahan barat keranjang sampah yang sulit dibenahi. Presiden mengatakan hal itu, ketika melantik Menteri PAN (Pendayaan Aparatur Negara) Feisal Tamin, di Istana Negara, Jakarta, Rabu (17/7).
-Tabrakan kereta api dengan bus di perlintasan Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur, Senin (16/7) menewaskan tiga orang dan melukai enam orang lainnya. Tabrakan dahsyat itu terjadi, ketika kereta api jurusan Jakarta - Bekasi melintas dari arah Stasiun Jatinegara.
Sedangkan mobil Izuzu Panther yang tertabrak, sedang menyeberangi perlintasan, dengan terus menerobos tanpa mempedulikan sirene KA yang meraung terus menerus.
2. Contoh menulis kalimat dengan unsur Why dan How-Mengapa dan Bagaimana.
2.1 -Harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) dinaikkan pemerintah, dengan alasan karena harga minyak Indonesia masih jauh di bawah harga internasional.
2.2 -Harga BBM dinaikkan pemerintah, untuk menutup defisit utang Pertamina yang tercatat Rp 5 triliun tahun ini.
2.3 -Untuk memperpanjang jatuh tempo pembayaran utang luar negeri, pemerintah berupaya melobi negara-negara pengutang sebelum berlangsungnya Paris Club, Agustus nanti.
2.4 -Untuk mengurangi kepadatan lalu lintas di jalan-jalan protokol Jakarta, pemerintah memperbaiki rambu-rambu yang rusak di ruas-ruas jalan tersebut.
2.5 -Untuk menenangkan demonstran yang berusaha menerobos ke Istana Negara, Menko Polkam Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono berdialog dengan para pimpinan demonstran.
3. Contoh menulis intro How dan Why dengan apologinya.
3.1 Meskipun mengetahui beban rakyat akan bertambah akibat harga-harga naik, namun pemerintah menganggap menaikkan tarif BBM adalah cara terbaik, demi menyelamatkan ekonomi nasional.
Hal ini dikemukakan Menteri Koordinator (Menko) Ekuin Dorojatun Kuntjoro-Jakti, menanggapi pertanyaan pers di Jakarta, Jumat (19/7).
Menko Ekuin mengatakan, dalam situasi krisis ini, pemerintah menghadapi berbagai kendala. Di samping kesulitan dalam pendapatan, pemerintah harus membayar utang luar negeri, sementara beban biaya produksi Pertamina terus meningkat.
Pemerintah menyadari bahwa dengan kenaikan tarif ini akan membebani rakyat banyak. Tetapi melalui penerapan subsidi silang, yakni menaikkan tarif minyak diesel, minyak tanah dan minyak bakar untuk industri, maka pendapatan dari situ akan dipakai menyubsidi sektor-sektor pelayanan publik.
3.2 Menanggapi pemberitaan media massa tentang terjadinya lima perampokan dalam sehari, Kamis (17/7) kemarin, Kapolda Metro Jaya Irjen Makbul Padmanegara mengatakan, aparatnya akan meningkatkan jumlah operasi penertiban.
4. ANATOMI BERITA
4.1 Yang paling sulit adalah menulis teras berita. Wartawan dapat mengubah-ubah kata-kata atau kalimat teras, sebagai pembuka berita, agar supaya menarik, memukau, aktual dan faktual.
4.2 Yang penting dalam melanjutkan penulisan anatomi berita, adalah penguasaan atas gaya penulisan untuk mempertahankan kesatuan-"unity in news style". Atau saling keterkaitan antara setiap kalimat. Cara ini disebut "concise", atau penulisan yang melukiskan konsistensi antarkalimat dalam tubuh berita.
4.3 Untuk bisa menuliskan suatu berita dengan sistematis, maka seorang wartawan perlu memahami anatomi berita, dan memahami apa yang disebut berita dengan sistem piramida terbalik.
Seperti dijelaskan, penulisan dimulai dengan judul. Disusul dengan menulis lead atau intro. Baru kemudian menulis tubuh berita. Dengan sistem piramida terbalik, artinya dasar yang utama ditulis paling atas. Setelah menulis judul berita, barulah menulis intro-atau teras berita.
4.4 Urut-urutannya sebagai berikut:
-Judul, -baris tanggal
-Intro
-bagian yang amat penting
-bagian yang penting
-bagian yang penting
-dan bagian-bagian yang biasa, yang kurang penting.
4.5 Intro atau teras berita, harus menggambarkan keseluruhan masalah atau substansi peristiwa yang terjadi. Yakni mengemukakan pengenalan kepada pembaca kepada suatu masalah secara singkat, padat, serta mudah dipahami.
5. Kalimat-kalimatnya harus singkat, tetapi kata-kata kalimat tersebut, harus mampu menghentak dan meraih perhatian pembaca, menggugah atau justru meyakinkan tentang apa yang sedang terjadi.
6. Menurut norma jurnalistik, kalimat sebuah intro, tak lebih dari 20 kata atau paling panjang 25 kata. Karena itu lead amat menentukan kehebatan atau kelaikan berita tersebut, maka unsur siapanya atau apanya harus benar-benar memukau. Kalau dia bukan seorang publik figur (pemimpin, artis terkenal, ilmuwan, rektor universitas terkemuka, pimpinan demonstran dsbnya), maka ia adalah sebuah pesawat canggih, sebuah mobil balap ciptaan baru tercepat, atau masalah yang amat menarik publik.
7. Unsur Kapannya atau waktu kejadiannya harus amat aktual dan dini, hanya beberapa jam berlalu, atau kejadian hari ini. Tempat kejadiannya amat berdekatan, atau suatu negara terkemuka, termiskin-terbelakang, atau tempat umum yang banyak dikunjungi publik dan seterusnya.


CONTOH:
Jakarta, 20 Mei
-Presiden Soeharto yang berkuasa selama 32 tahun, Kamis 20 Mei kemarin, menyatakan mundur dari jabatannya. Pernyataan mundur itu, setelah dia bermusyawarah dengan para tokoh nasional di Istana Negara, Jakarta. Peryataan mundur juga diakui para pengamat, setelah mendapat tekanan masyarakat, berupa demonstrasi mahasiswa yang berjalan selama kl tiga bulan.
Tepat pada pukul 10.00 pagi, setelah bertemu dengan sejumlah tokoh masyarakat dan pimpinan MPR/DPR, Presiden Soeharto tampil di depan televisi dan mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya sebagai Presiden RI.
"Saya setelah mendengar saran-saran dari para tokoh masyarakat,dan setelah mengikuti dengan seksama usul-usul dan aspirasi masyarakat yang disampaikan pada akhir-akhir, memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri sebagai Presiden RI!" Demikian, pernyataan Presiden Soeharto yang disiarkan oleh TVRI dan semua stasiun TV, Kamis pagi 20 Mei 1998.
Ini adalah suatu peristiwa yang amat penting, dan menjadi perhatian masyarakat bangsa bahkan dunia internasional. Soeharto yang dikenal sebagai orang kuat Orde Baru yang memerintah sejak tahun 1996, akhirnya menyatakan diri meletakkan jabatan sebagai Presiden. Tekanan atas Presiden Soeharto yang dilancarkan melalui berbagai demonstrasi mahasiswa telah dilakukan sejak awal 1998.
-Pesawat Boeing Singapore Airlines yang gagal mengudara, di landasan pacu Bandara Soekarno-Hatta Jakarta, Jumat (11/10/2002) pagi, meledak, lalu jatuh berkeping-keping dan terbakar.
Dalam musibah itu, 235 dari 300 penumpang dan 10 awaknya tewas. Lima mobil pemadam kebakaran bergegas ke ujung landasan untuk mengatasi api yang berkobar.
Sementara tim SAR dan tiga ambulans dikerahkan untuk mencoba menyelamatkan mereka yang terluka, dan sisa penumpang berupaya lolos dari pesawat nahas itu.
-Musibah Boeing Singapore Airlines ini merupakan kecelakaan gagal tiga landas yang ketiga di bandara utama Indonesia itu, dalam dua tahun terakhir. Pertama, pada 13 Agustus 2000, ketika Fokker 100 Garuda terhempas di ujung timur bandara dan kedua, pada 15 Desember 2001, saat sebuah jet komersial Cathay menukik setelah "take off".
-Para saksi mata mengatakan, ketika pesawat bergerak dengan cepat dan mulai mengangkasa, tiba-tiba terdengar bunyi ledakan disertai bola-bola api. Pesawat yang baru setinggi kl 15 meter kemudian terjerembab, dan jatuh ke atas landasan pacu. Pesawat Boeing 747 itu akan terbang menunju Bangkok, dengan api langsung berkobar, dan sirene tanda bahaya segera meraung-raung di Bandara Soekarno Hatta.
8. Lead atau intro berita biasanya dicetak tebal, lebih besar satu poin dari huruf-huruf tubuh berita. Kalau huruf tubuh berita 9 atau 10 poin, maka huruf lead dibesarkan menjadi 12 poin, dan dicetak tebal (vet atau hitam).
9. Orang berpendapat, bahwa dengan membaca judul dan lead-intro yang tegas, padat dan tepat, maka pembaca serta merta menguasai atau memahami substansi keseluruhan dari berita yang ditulis.
10. JUDUL BERITA
Judul berita harus benar-benar memukau dan menarik pembaca, sehingga menjadi objek jual yang laris. Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut eyecatching. Singkat dengan huruf tebal yang besar, akan mudah ditangkap oleh penglihatan-mata manusia.
Contoh:
1. Soeharto Mundur
2. Boeing Singapura Jatuh
3. Soeharto Mundur setelah Didemo
4. Mundur Setelah Dinasihati
5. Soeharto Mundur Setelah
32 Tahun Berkuasa
6. Pesawat SIA Jatuh Terbakar
-300 Penumpang Tewas-uperdek
7. Gagal Mengudara, Boeing 747
SIA Jatuh Terbakar.
8. Lima Mahasiswa Tewas Tertembak,
Jakarta Menangis
9. Lima Mahasiswa Trisakti Tewas
Indonesia Berduka
10. Dewi Soekarno Didenda
2 Juta Dolar
11. Dewi Soekarno Gelapkan Pajak
12 Busway Diresmikan Sutiyoso

bahan pelatihan dari GMKI Cab Medan

_____________ __________________

Antara Cinta Dan Eksistensi

Cinta siapa yang bisa mendefenisikannya? Hampir setiap orang memiliki defenisi sendiri akan cinta. Tapi pernahkah teman-teman berpikir jikalau cinta itu hanyalah sebuah usaha dari sebuah pribadi yang ingin menunjukkan eksistensinya. Manusia memiliki kesadaran akan kesendiriannya, keterpisahan dan kelemahannya dalam menghadapi kekuatan alam dan masyarakat. Sebuah kenyataan bahawa dia sendiri menghadapi kerasnya alam dan persaingan diantara individu membuat manusia sadar bahwa dia membutuhkan orang lain dalam menjalani hidup.
Manusia sendiri juga memiliki sebuah keinginan untuk dapat menjadi sempurna. Kekosongan yang diakibatkan kelemahan yang ada menyebabkan seseorang berusaha mencari jalan agar kekosongan tersebut terisi melalui individu lain baik itu melalui teman ataupun kelompok-kelompok yang memiliki satu impian yang sama dengan dia.
Semakin lemah seseorang maka semakin kuatlah keinginan dia untuk mencinta orang lain. Keinginan untuk lepas dari kesendirian terkadang mampu membutakan logika yang ada sehingga seringkali kita melihat seseorang melakukan hal yang konyol demi yang namanya cinta.
Tapi pernah kawan-kawan menyadari bahwa ada orang-orang tertentu yang mampu hidup tampa menjalani cinta(dalam pengertian Eros). Para biarawan mampu berjalan tampa harus menikah,apakah mereka buta akan cinta?. Jawabannya adlah tidak. Mereka tetap sngat membutuhkan cinta. Dalam kenyataannya mereka mampu mngubah objek cinta mereka bukan hanya kepada lawan jenis akan tetapi lebih kepada objek Tuhan ataupun sesama. Jadi apabila kwan-kawan mengatakan para biarawan orang-orang yang jauh dari cinta maka saya katakan dengan tegas bahwa anda salah.Dalam kenyataannya rasa cinta yang mereka miliki lebih tulus daripada rasa cinta seorang pria kepada wanita. Para biarawan mampu memberikan sebuah cinta yang tampa pamrih sehingga tidak pernah mengharapkan balasan akan cinta yang mereka berikan kepada sesama.
Cinta seorang pria kepada wanita ataupun sebaliknya adalah usaha manusia dalam menunjukkan eksistensinya dan melepaskan diri dari kungkungan kesendirian yang dia rasakan. Kelemahan yang ada disamarkan melalui sosok individu lain yang memiliki kekuatan yang dia butuhkan. Semakin kita ingin mencintai maka akan semakin kita menyadari bahwa diri kita sangat lemah dan membutuhkan sokongan dari orang lain. Tampa disadari ketika kita mencintai seorang sebenarnya kita sedang memamfaatkan orang lain untuk kepentingan kita. Sebagai contoh seorang perempuan yang kekanakan biasanya akan mencari seorang pria yang bersifat dewasa untuk dapat menutupi kelemahannya dan menjadi panutannya.
Tetapi apakah benar seorang yang lemah saja yang membutuhkan cinta? Sulit untuk mendialektikakan antara sosok yang lemah dengan yang kuat. Orang yang lemah dikatakan lemah karena ada yang lebih kuat dari pribadi tersebut. Seandainya pribadi tersebut menemukan sosok yang lebih lemah dari dirinya tentu dia akan dikatakan kuat. Mungkin menjadi sebuah pemikiran bagi kita bahwa Tidak ada orang yang kuat karena percaya atau tidak semua orang tercipta atau terlahirkan dengan kelemahan tampa ada kesempurnaaan. Seseorang boleh dikatakan kuat dalam fisik tetapi apakah psikologinya kuat? Demikian juga sebaliknya. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebenarnya pribadi yang kuat adalah pribadi yang mau mengakui kelemahannya. Ketika sebuah pribadi telah mengetahui apa yang menjadi kelemahnnya dia akan mencari alternatif untuk dapat menutupi kelemahannya dan menjadi sebuah sosok yang cukup kuat melalui karakter orang yang dia cintai.
Tidak ada alasan bagi seseorang untuk tidak mencintai baik itu secara Stroge, phillia, Agape maupunn Eros. Tiap-tiap tiap orang berhak memilih objek yang ingin dicintai. Baik itu keluarga, masyarakat, Tuhan maupun lawan jenis. Keberanian dalam mengungkapkan cinta adalah sebuah pengakuan bahwa kita adalah sosok yang lemah akan tetapi dilain sisi ini menunjukkan bahwa kita adalah sosok yang kuat karena mampu mengalahkan kelemahan kita melalui cinta.

Sabtu, 06 Desember 2008

Cristiano Ronaldo is better than Kaká

Cristiano Ronaldo is making a mockery of selectors, captains and selected journalists who chose to Kaká as the best player in several forums at the end of last year. Last night was 13 minutes in and magistral marked the two goals Manchester United 2-0 Portsmouth. The first goal was excellent, but his serenity before the goalkeeper has already become something routine. It was the second to marvel, a free-kick charged with the forefoot and a leg of the very peculiar, to the point that at first glance gave the impression that he had badly beaten. Alex Ferguson, the coach of Man United, said after the match that he had been the best goal from free-kick he had seen in many years. And this from a man who has seen enough in the foot of David Beckham and Eric Cantona, to mention only a major auctioneer of the same club. It is a special case, this Portuguese Madeira, who said that her mother wants to see him before dying at Real Madrid. It has a pride hiperdesarrollado, as is often the case with the champions of any activity. He was upset by the "mistake" in the selection of FIFA and France Football, which crowned its Brazilian rival, and in one case, placed it third, behind Lionel Messi. The champions do not tolerate the humiliation of being second, third and now I think it is a torture. Messi, who also was considered the best in the last year, did not react with the same energy that Ronaldo was injured as well, so that all of the attention has focused on the Portuguese. Ronaldo, as Messi is a player who can decide games from any position. It is more that the Argentine scorer, and also has height and corpulence, with the physical and psychological advantage that leads off the modern defenses, that abuse of intimidation. It's a complete player, at times irresistible. And to think that arrived in Manchester with the sole mission of overflowing by the band! For several months, after joining the Man United, the English critics reproached him his inaccuracy before the goal: they said that was a juggler, a trained seal, an inconsequential player. Now is the focus of attention, the player destabilizing, head and shoulders above significant players such as Carlos Tevez and Wayne Rooney. Kaká is good, very good, and nobody can say that it was unfair to distinguish an exceptional player, but his performance before and after his brief Champions League campaign in 2006-2007, at no time did not live up to Cristiano Ronaldo (Messi and also because we are). Yes, yes, in due course we voted for Kaká, Messi and declare that it was "the future of football", but Ronaldo's performance has been so high for so long, while the Brazilian took a breather and the Argentine restored to their injuries, we have changed his mind. In fact we are lucky, with so many good players struggling to stand out. And in Milan, where they are still waiting on the other Ronaldo, now have another great Brazilian hope, the new suitor, Alexandre Pato. It is to pall. Not to mention if one of these days as Ronaldinho, of Barcelona, it happens awake. Veterans often say that when an athlete at this level is neglected and lost motivation, and can not return to the same level, to strive for more. What a pity, because the genius of Ronaldinho would be a good measure for refining on the virtues of their heirs.
get from :http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/spanish/2008/01/cristiano_ronaldo_es_mejor_que_1.html

Ronaldo scoops best player award

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7758016.stm
Cristiano Ronaldo has won the prestigious Ballon d'Or trophy awarded by France Football magazine.
Ronaldo scored 42 goals as Manchester United won the Champions League and Premier League last season.
"It is one of the most beautiful days of my life, something I dreamed of as a child," said the 23-year-old winger.
Barcelona's Lionel Messi was second and Liverpool's Fernando Torres was third while Wayne Rooney, Steven Gerrard and Frank Lampard were also in the running.
Ac Milan's Brazilian midfielder Kaka won the award last year.
Where the votes went
Ronaldo's defining role in United's Double-winning season saw 77 of the 96 journalists on the Ballon D'Or panel vote for him as their number one player of the year.
This (trophy) is one that I want to win again because it is so good
Cristiano Ronaldo"Great emotion fills me but I cannot really describe it," Ronaldo continued.
"I was not worried, because I was aware of what I did in the course of the season.
"But to the people who mentioned my name, I say thank you. Thank you also to my team-mates.
"This (trophy) is one that I want to win again because it is so good.
"Therefore, I will wake and I will say to myself 'I want to be even better'."
The Portuguese international became only the fifth player to score more than 30 goals in a Premier League season as United pipped Chelsea to the domestic title

Ronaldo's tally of 42 goals earned him the Golden Shoe as Europe's top scorer, making him the first winger to collect that honour.
And his 42nd strike of an astonishing season came in Moscow as United drew 1-1 draw with Chelsea in the Champions League final. He went on to miss his spot-kick in the resulting penalty shoot-out but United still triumphed.
The only real disappointment for Ronaldo came at Euro 2008.
The winger was expected to be one of the stars of the tournament but he struggled to lift his side and Portugal went out in the quarter-finals.
A summer of fevered speculation over Ronaldo's future followed after he conceded a dream move would be a switch to Spanish giants Real Madrid.
But United dug their heels in and in October Ronaldo pledged his future to the Old Trafford club.
Torres, meanwhile, enjoyed a phenomenal debut season in the Premier League following his big-money move from Atletico Madrid.
The 24-year-old scored 24 goals for Liverpool, the highest by a foreign player in their maiden season, and went on to score the winner for Spain in the Euro 2008 final.

2008 Ballon d'Or voting
1 Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester Utd) 446 points2 Lionel Messi (Barcelona) 281 pts3 Fernando Torres (Liverpool) 179 pts4 Iker Casillas (Real Madrid) 133 pts5 Xavi Hernandez (Barcelona) 97 pts6 Andriy Arshavin (Zenit St-Petersburg) 64 pts7 David Villa (Valencia) 55 pts8 Kaka (AC Milan) 31 pts9 Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Inter Milan) 30 pts10 Steven Gerrard (Liverpool) 28 pts11 Marcos Senna (Villarreal) 16 pts12 Emmanuel Adebayor (Arsenal) 12 pts13 Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) 11 pts14 Sergio Aguero (Atletico Madrid) 10 pts15 Frank Lampard (Chelsea) 8 pts16 Franck Ribery (Bayern Munich) 7 pts17 Samuel Eto'o (Barcelona) 6 pts18 Gianluigi Buffon (Juventus) 5 pts19 Michael Ballack (Chelsea), Cesc Fabregas (Arsenal) 4 pts21 Didier Drogba (Chelsea), Sergio Ramos (Real Madrid), Nemanja Vidic (Manchester United) 3 pts24 Edwin van der Sar (Manchester United), Ruud van Nistelrooy (Real Madrid), 2 pts

Britney confirms UK concert dates

Britney confirms UK concert dates

Spears is scheduled to appear on The X Factor this weekend
US singer Britney Spears is to play two concerts at the O2 arena in London next June - the only European shows on her forthcoming world tour.
Tickets for the dates on 3 and 4 June will go on general sale on 5 December - although fans who register with her website can buy them 24 hours earlier.
"It's going to be very special," said Rob Hallett of tour promoter AEG.
The concert, he said, would take its theme from her latest album The Circus, which is released next week.
"We're creating a musical circus," he said. "Expect to see jugglers, dancers, tattooed ladies and acrobats."
According to the promoter, the concerts will be Spears' only dates in Europe "for the foreseeable future".
Spears last performed in the UK in 2004 when her Onyx Hotel tour visited Birmingham, Glasgow, Belfast, Manchester and Wembley Arena in London.
'Radiant'
The 26-year-old will be in the capital this weekend to appear on ITV1 talent show The X Factor.
Before that she will travel to Germany to attend the annual Bambi entertainment awards in Offenburg.
The singer will be named best international pop star after achieving what organisers have called a "stunning comeback from an absolute low point".

Lynne Spears has written a book about her family called Through the Storm"Britney Spears is back," said host Hubert Burda. "Radiant and better than ever, the erstwhile idol has reclaimed her throne."
In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine, the performer admitted she felt "like an old person" now her much-documented troubles are behind her.
"I go to bed at, like, 9.30 every night and I don't go out or anything," she is quoted as saying. "I just feel like an old fart."
Spears' mother Lynne, meanwhile, has been telling the BBC how happy she is that her daughter has got her life back on track.
"Britney wants to do it right," she told Radio 5 Live's Colin Paterson, attributing her recent turnaround to having "good people around her" and "lots and lots of prayer".

Janet Jackson

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This article is about the singer. For her self-titled album, see Janet Jackson (album). For other people of the same name, see Janet Jackson (disambiguation).

Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in Gary, Indiana and raised in Encino, Los Angeles, California, she is the youngest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her family beginning at the age of seven, and later started her career as an actress with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976. She went on to star in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Diff'rent Strokes.
At age sixteen in 1982, Jackson signed a recording contract with A&M, releasing her self-titled debut album the same year. She faced criticism for her limited vocal range, and for being yet another member of the Jackson family to become a recording artist. Beginning with her third studio album Control (1986), Jackson began a long-term collaboration with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. Her music with Jam and Lewis incorporated contemporary R&B with elements of rap music, sample loop, triple swing and industrial beats, which led to crossover appeal in popular music. In addition to receiving recognition for the innovation in her albums, music videos and choreography, Jackson was acknowledged as a role model for her socially conscious lyrics.
In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar recording contracts with Virgin Records, which established her as one of the highest paid artists in the recording industry. Her debut album under the Virgin label, janet. (1993), saw Jackson develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music. That same year she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice; since then she has continued to act in feature films. By the end of the decade Jackson was named the second most successful recording artist of the 1990s. All for You (2001), became her fifth consecutive studio album to debut at number one the Billboard 200 album charts. In 2007, she changed labels, signing with the Island Def Jam Music Group and released her tenth studio album Discipline the following year.
Jackson is ranked by Billboard magazine as one of the top ten best-selling music artists in the history of contemporary music, having sold over 100 million albums worldwide.[1] The Recording Industry Association of America lists her as the eleventh best-selling female artist in the United States with 26 million certified albums.[2] Jackson's longevity in the recording industry has rivaled that of several entertainers and her musical style and choreography have influenced a number of contemporary pop and R&B artists.
1966–1982: Early life and career
Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of nine children, to Katherine Esther (née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson.[3] The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses. By the time she was a toddler, her older brothers—Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon and Michael—were performing music at nightclubs and theaters as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and by the end of the year they had recorded the first of four consecutive number one singles. The Jackson 5's success allowed the family to move to the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles, California in 1971, where they settled in a gated mansion called Hayvenhurst.[3] Although born into a family of professional musicians, Jackson, whose love of horses resulted in a desire to become a race-horse jockey, had no aspiration to become an entertainer. Despite this, her father planned for her to pursue a career in entertainment. Jackson once commented, "No one ever asked me if I wanted to go into show business ... it was expected."[3]
In 1974, at the age of seven, Jackson appeared on stage in Las Vegas, Nevada with her siblings in a routine show at the MGM Casino.[3] Jane Cornwell documented in her biography of the singer, Janet Jackson (2002), that at age eight Joseph Jackson told Janet not to call him "Dad" anymore since he was her manager; he told her she would henceforth address him as "Joseph".[3] She began her career as an actress with the debut of the CBS variety show The Jacksons (1976), in which she appeared with her siblings Tito, Rebbie, Randy, Michael, Marlon, La Toya and Jackie.[3] In 1977, Jackson was selected by producer Norman Lear to play a recurring role as Penny Gordon Woods in the sitcom Good Times.[3] From 1979 to 1980, Jackson starred in A New Kind of Family as Jojo Ashton, and then joined the cast of Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey from 1981 to 1982.[3] She played a recurring role during the fourth season of the television series Fame as Cleo Hewitt, though she later commented that the series was not a project she enjoyed working on.[4][5]

1982–1985: Early recordings
Although Jackson was initially apprehensive about starting a music career, she agreed to participate in recording sessions with her family. The first of these, a duet with her brother Randy titled "Love Song for Kids", took place in 1978. When Jackson was sixteen, her father arranged a contract for her with A&M Records.[3] Her debut album, Janet Jackson, produced by soul singers Angela Winbush, René Moore and Leon F. Sylvers III, was released in 1982, the entire production of which was overseen by her father Joseph.[3] It peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot R&B albums chart.[6]
Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later. Her father recruited her brothers to help produce the album: Marlon co-wrote two of the album's tracks, while Tito, Jackie and Michael provided background vocals.[3] Dream Street reached number nineteen on the R&B albums chart; its sales were less than that of Jackson's debut album.[6] The album's only hit, "Don't Stand Another Chance", peaked at number nine on Billboard's R&B singles chart.[7] In late 1984, Jackson eloped with childhood friend and fellow R&B singer James DeBarge. They divorced shortly afterwards, and the marriage was annulled in mid-1985.[8][9]

1986–1988: Control

"Nasty" (1986)
"Nasty" was written as a response to an incident of sexual harassment Jackson faced during the recording of Control. The song features a triplet swing beat, a production technique of new jack swing.
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Following the release of Dream Street, Jackson decided to separate her business affairs from her family. She later commented, "I remember trying to tell my father I no longer wanted him to manage me. It would have been easier to have Mother tell him for me, but that was something I had to do for myself."[10] Jackson also stated, "I just wanted to get out of the house, get out from under my father, which was one of the most difficult things that I had to do, telling him that I didn't want to work with him again."[5] A&M Records executive John McClain hired producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis to work with Jackson. Within six weeks, Jackson, Jam and Lewis crafted Jackson's third studio album, Control.[11] Jackson recalled that during the recording of the album, she was threatened by a group of men outside of her hotel in Minneapolis. She stated that "[t]he danger hit home when a couple of guys started stalking me on the street ... Instead of running to Jimmy or Terry for protection, I took a stand. I backed them down. That's how songs like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately' were born, out of a sense of self-defense."[10]
Though Jam and Lewis were concerned with achieving cross-over appeal, their primary goal was to create a strong following for the singer within the African-American community first.[12] Jam commented, "[w]e wanted to do an album that would be in every black home in America ... we were going for the black album of all time."[12] Released in February 1986, the album peaked at number one on the Billboard 200.[6] The Newsweek review of Control noted that the album was "an alternative to the sentimental balladry and opulent arrangements of Patti LaBelle and Whitney Houston."[13] Rob Hoerburger of Rolling Stone asserted, "Control is a better album than Diana Ross has made in five years and puts Janet in a position similar to the young Donna Summer's—unwilling to accept novelty status and taking her own steps to rise above it."[14] Five of the album's singles—"What Have You Done for Me Lately", "Nasty", "When I Think of You", "Control", and "Let's Wait Awhile"—peaked within the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100.[15] "When I Think of You" became Jackson's first single to peak at number one. "The Pleasure Principle" became a top 20 hit, peaking at number fourteen.[15] Most of the Control music videos were choreographed by a then-unknown Paula Abdul. Jonathan Cohen of Billboard magazine commented "[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix."[11]
Control was certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and has sold over eight million copies worldwide.[16][12] Billboard credited it as being the fifth best-selling album of 1986 in the United States.[17] It won four American Music Awards, from twelve nominations—a record that has yet to be broken—and was nominated for Album of the Year at the 1987 Grammy Awards.[18][19] Richard J. Ripani Ph.D., author of The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 (2006), observed that the album was one of the first successful records to influence the rise of new jack swing, incorporating R&B, funk, jazz, soul and various production techniques which emerged in the mid-1980s.[20] The success of Control, according to Ripani, bridged the gap between R&B and rap music.[20]

1989–1992: Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

"Rhythm Nation" (1989)
"Rhythm Nation" encompasses the full range of new jack swing genre. The use of sample loop and triple swing are present, while vocals for the song are alternatively sung in octaves or rapped in spoken verse.
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In September 1989, Jackson released her fourth album, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814. Though executives at A&M wanted an album similar to Control, Jackson was unwilling to compromise her artistic integrity, and was determined to imbue her music with a socially conscious message that complimented her songs about love and relationships.[21] Jackson stated, "I'm not naive—I know an album or a song can't change the world. I just want my music and my dance to catch the audience's attention, and to hold it long enough for them to listen to the lyrics and what we're saying."[22] Producer Jimmy Jam told The Boston Globe, "We would always have a TV turned on, usually to CNN ... And I think the social slant of songs like Rhythm Nation, State of the World and The Knowledge came from that."[23] Rolling Stone magazine's Vince Aletti observed Jackson shifted from "personal freedom to more universal concerns—injustice, illiteracy, crime, drugs—without missing a beat."[24] Richard J. Ripani observed that the album, much like its predecessor, contained heavy styling of new jack swing; the use of sample loop, triple swing, rap vocals and blues notes are present in the album's title-track "Rhythm Nation".[20]
After debuting at number one on the Billboard 200, the album was later certified six times platinum and eventually sold over eight million copies worldwide.[6][25][26] The release became the only album in history to produce number one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 in three separate calendar years—"Miss You Much" in 1989, "Escapade" and "Black Cat" in 1990, and "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" in 1991—and the only album in the history of the Hot 100 to have seven top 5 hit singles.[27][28][29] The corresponding music video for "Rhythm Nation" won the 1989 Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video.[30] Billboard named Rhythm Nation 1814 the number-one selling album of the year in 1990, winning multiple music awards.[31][32] Jackson was dubbed a reigning "Princess of Pop" by the Chicago Tribune.[33] Although some attributed Jackson's accomplishments to her producers, Jimmy Jam stated "when someone says, 'Well, she brought in Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis,' you've got to remember that we weren't exactly ... Quincy Jones ... 'Control' was our first smash. The same with Paula. It wasn't like Janet [hired] Fred Astaire ... She took a chance on all of us."[34]
The Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour, Jackson's first world tour in support of a studio album, aimed to recreate the "award–winning, visually innovative" music videos of Rhythm Nation 1814 and Control, and was described as "an elaborately choreographed spectacle" by Entertainment Weekly.[35] As Jackson began her tour, she was acknowledged for the cultural impact of her music. Joel Selvin of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote "the 23-year-old has been making smash hit records for four years, becoming a fixture on MTV and a major role model to teenage girls across the country", and William Allen, then-executive vice president of the United Negro College Fund, told the Los Angeles Times, "Jackson is a role model for all young people to emulate and the message she has gotten to the young people of this country through the lyrics of 'Rhythm Nation 1814' is having positive effects."[36][37] With an attendance of more than two million patrons, the Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour remains the most successful debut tour by any recording artist.[38] Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge (2000) documented that Jackson's success during this time period placed her on par with several other recording artists, including her older brother Michael Jackson, Madonna and Tina Turner.[39]
With the release of Rhythm Nation 1814, Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records. In 1991, after being approached personally by Virgin Records owner Richard Branson, she signed a highly publicized multi-million dollar contract with the label. The contract value was estimated between $32–50 million, and she became the highest paid female recording artist in contemporary music.[40][41][42] That same year, Jackson secretly entered into her second marriage with long-term friend—dancer, songwriter and director René Elizondo, Jr.[43] In May 1992, Jackson recorded a song entitled "The Best Things in Life Are Free" with Luther Vandross, featuring Bell Biv Devoe and Ralph Tresvant, for the Mo' Money film soundtrack.[44]

1993–1996: janet. and Poetic Justice

Janet Jackson featured on the cover of Rolling Stone with the hands of her then-unknown husband René Elizondo Jr. covering her breasts
In May 1993, Jackson's fifth studio album entitled janet. (pronounced "Janet, period."), was released by Virgin Records and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.[6] Jackson commented, "... [c]ertain people feel I'm just riding on my last name ... That's why I just put my first name on janet. and why I never asked my brothers to write or produce music for me."[45] The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) commented that the album's number one hit single "That's the Way Love Goes"—winner of the 1994 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song—and the top 10 singles "If", "Because of Love", "You Want This", and "Any Time, Any Place", all contained "grown-up desires".[30][46] Rolling Stone wrote: "As princess of America's black royal family, everything Janet Jackson does is important. Whether proclaiming herself in charge of her life, as she did on Control (1986), or commander in chief of a rhythm army dancing to fight society's problems (Rhythm Nation 1814, from 1989), she's influential. And when she announces her sexual maturity, as she does on her new album, Janet., it's a cultural moment."[47] Robert Johnson of San Antonio Express-News wrote that the album ranges from "dreamy and sensual" to "downright erotic", and although "[janet.] isn't perfect ... it should be enough to make her the Queen of Pop."[48] Conversely, David Browne of Entertainment Weekly gave it a moderate rating, asserting "her wispy voice is often smothered by her two male producers", and regarded janet. as a "blatant rip-off of the club-beat style of Madonna's Erotica."[49] janet. was later certified six times platinum by the RIAA, with worldwide sales exceeding ten million copies.[50][51]
In July 1993, Jackson made her film debut in Poetic Justice. Rolling Stone described Jackson's performance as "a beguiling film debut" despite her inexperience, while the Washington Post considered her "believably eccentric".[52][53] Jackson's ballad "Again" was featured on the film's soundtrack, and garnered a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[54]
In September 1993, Jackson appeared topless on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine with the hands of her then-husband René Elizondo, Jr. covering her breasts. The photograph is the original full-length version of the cropped image used on the cover of the janet. album, shot by Patrick Demarchelier.[55] Sonia Murray of The Vancouver Sun later reported, "Jackson, 27, remains clearly established as both role model and sex symbol; the Rolling Stone photo of Jackson ... became one of the most recognizable, and most lampooned, magazine covers of the year."[56] In the cover story, "Sexual Healing" by David Ritz, Jackson explained, "... sex has been an important part of me for several years. But it just hasn't blossomed publicly until now. I've had to go through some changes and shed some old attitudes before feeling completely comfortable with my body. Listening to my new record, people intuitively understand the change in me."[10] Ritz likened Jackson's transformation to Marvin Gaye as he stated, "[j]ust as Gaye moved from What's Going On to Let's Get It On, from the austere to the ecstatic, Janet, every bit as serious-minded as Marvin, moved from Rhythm Nation to janet., her statement of sexual liberation."[10] Jackson's second world tour—the janet. Tour—garnered critical acclaim as Michael Snyder of the San Francisco Chronicle described Jackson's stage performance as erasing the line between "stadium-size pop music concerts and full-scale theatrical extravaganzas", and Steve Pick of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch observed Jackson's show made the janet. album's numerous hit singles more effective with her "larger-than-life stage persona".[57][58]
During this time period, Jackson's brother Michael Jackson was immersed in a child sex abuse scandal, of which he denied any wrongdoing.[59] Jackson gave moral support to her brother, and denied allegations made by her sister La Toya Jackson in her book La Toya: Growing up in the Jackson Family (1991) that their parents had abused her and her siblings as children.[41] In an interview with Lynn Norment of Ebony, Jackson commented on her sister's then-estrangement from the family, stating, "her [husband Jack Gordon] has ... brainwashed her so much she keeps herself away from us."[60] Norment reported during the recording of janet., "LaToya suddenly showed up and created a scene at the Minneapolis recording studio", despite the fact that "[Jackson's] sister had ignored her calls for four years prior to that."[60] In addition, Jackson criticized her brother Jermaine Jackson for attacking Michael in his 1991 single "Word To The Badd".[60] She later collaborated with her brother Michael on "Scream", the lead single from his 1995 album HIStory, which was written by both siblings as a response to the media scrutiny he suffered from being accused of child sexual abuse.[61] The song debuted at number five on the Hot 100 singles chart, becoming the first song ever to debut in the top 5. Scream is featured in the Guinness Book of Records as the "Most Expensive Music Video Ever Made" at a cost of $7 million. Jackson and her brother won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video for Scream.[30]
In October 1995, Jackson's first compilation album, Design of a Decade 1986/1996, was released via A&M Records and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200.[6] The lead single "Runaway" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[62] Design of a Decade 1986/1996 was certified two times platinum by the RIAA.[63] In January 1996, Jackson renewed her contract with Virgin Records for a reported $80 million dollars.[64] The contract established her as the then-highest paid recording artist in contemporary music, surpassing the recording industry's then-unparalleled $60 million dollar contracts earned by her brother, Michael Jackson and Madonna.[65][66][67]

1997–1999: The Velvet Rope
During the two year period prior to the release of her sixth studio album, The Velvet Rope, Jackson reportedly suffered from depression and anxiety.[5] Michael Saunders of The Boston Globe considered the album to be an introspective look into Jackson's bout with depression, describing it as a "critical self-examination and an audio journal of a woman's road to self-discovery."[5] According to Jackson, "[w]e've all driven by premieres or nightclubs and have seen the rope separating those who can enter and those who can't. Well, there's also a velvet rope we have inside us, keeping others from knowing our feelings. In The Velvet Rope, I'm trying to expose and explore those feelings ... During my life, I've been on both sides of the rope. At times, especially during my childhood, I felt left out and alone. At times I felt misunderstood."[68] The Velvet Rope also introduced sadomasochism into Jackson's music. Eric Henderson of Slant wrote, "The Velvet Rope is a richly dark masterwork that illustrates that, amid the whips and chains, there is nothing sexier than emotional nakedness."[69]
Released in October 1997, The Velvet Rope debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the RIAA later certified the album three times platinum.[70][6] In August 1997 the album's lead single, "Got 'Til It's Gone", was released to radio, peaking at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay.[71] The single sampled the Joni Mitchell song "Big Yellow Taxi", and featured a cameo appearance by rapper Q-Tip. Got 'Til It's Gone won the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[30] The album's second single "Together Again", became Jackson's eighth number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, and placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones.[72] The single spent a record 46 weeks on the Hot 100, as well as spending 19 weeks on the UK singles chart.[72] "I Get Lonely" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[15]
Jackson donated a portion of the proceeds earned from "Together Again" to the American Foundation for AIDS Research.[72] Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph observed, "[Jackson] even makes a bid for gay icon status, delivering a diva-ish performance reminiscent of Diana Ross on 'Together Again' (a post-Aids pop song), singing a paean to homosexuality on the jazzy 'Free Xone' and climaxing (if that's the right word) with a bizarre lesbian reinterpretation of Rod Stewart's 'Tonight's the Night'."[73] Rolling Stone regarded "Free Xone" as the album's "best song", describing it as an "anti-homophobia track [which] shifts moods and tempos on a dime, segueing from a Prince-like jam to a masterful sample from Archie Bell and the Drells' 'Tighten Up'."[74] The Velvet Rope was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum, and received the award for Outstanding Music Album at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards.[75]
In 1998, Jackson began the The Velvet Rope Tour, an international trek that included Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand and Australia. Robert Hilburn of the The Los Angeles Times reported, "[t]here is so much of the ambition and glamour of a Broadway musical in Janet Jackson's new Velvet Rope tour that it's only fitting that the concert program credits her as the show's 'creator and director'."[76] Jackson's HBO special, The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden, was watched by more than fifteen million viewers. The two hour concert beat the ratings of all four major networks in homes that were subscribed to HBO.[77] The following month, Jackson separated from Elizondo Jr.[78] As her world tour came to a close in 1999, Jackson lent guest vocals to a number of songs by other artists, including Shaggy's "Luv Me, Luv Me", for the soundtrack to How Stella Got Her Groove Back, "God's Stepchild" from the Down on the Delta soundtrack, "Girlfriend/Boyfriend" with BLACKstreet, and "What's It Gonna Be?!" with Busta Rhymes. Jackson also performed a duet with Elton John for the song "I Know the Truth". At the 1999 World Music Awards, Jackson received the Legend Award alongside Cher for "lifelong contribution to the music industry and outstanding contribution to the pop industry."[79] As 1999 ended, Billboard magazine ranked Jackson as the second most successful artist of the decade, behind Mariah Carey.[80]

2000–2003: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps and All for You
In July 2000, Jackson appeared in her second film, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, as Professor Denise Gaines, opposite Eddie Murphy. The film became Jackson's second to open at number one at the box office, grossing an estimated $42.7 million dollars in its opening weekend.[81][82] Her contribution to the film's soundtrack, "Doesn't Really Matter", became her ninth number one Billboard Hot 100 single. In the same year, Jackson's husband filed for divorce. Jeff Gordinier of Entertainment Weekly reported that for eight of the thirteen years Jackson and Elizondo had known one another, "[they] were married—a fact they managed to hide not only from the international press but from Jackson's own father."[43] Elizondo filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against Jackson, estimated between $10–25 million; they did not reach a settlement until 2003.[43][83]
Jackson was awarded a top honor from the American Music Awards—the Award of Merit—in March 2001 for "her finely crafted, critically acclaimed and socially conscious, multi-platinum albums."[84] Jackson became the inaugural honoree of the "mtvICON" award, "an annual recognition of artists who have made significant contributions to music, music video and pop culture while tremendously impacting the MTV generation."[85] Jackson's seventh album, All for You, was released in April 2001, debuting at number one on the Billboard 200.[6] Selling 605,000 copies, All For You had the highest first-week sales total of Jackson's career.[86] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic stated "[Jackson's] created a record that's luxurious and sensual, spreading leisurely over its 70 minutes, luring you in even when you know better", and Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented, "[a]s other rhythm and blues strips down to match the angularity of hip-hop, Ms. Jackson luxuriates in textures as dizzying as a new infatuation."[87][88]

"All for You" (2001)
The disco inspired "All for You" features an uptempo dance beat and samples "The Glow of Love" originally performed by Change
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The album's title-track, "All for You", debuted on the Hot 100 at number fourteen, the highest debut ever for a single that was not commercially available.[89] Teri VanHorn of MTV dubbed Jackson "Queen of Radio" as the single made radio airplay history, "[being] added to every pop, rhythmic and urban radio station that reports to the national trade magazine Radio & Records" in its first week.[89] The single peaked at number one, where it topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks.[90] Jackson received the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for "All for You".[30] The second single, "Someone to Call My Lover", which contained a heavy guitar loop of America's "Ventura Highway", peaked at number three on the Hot 100.[91] All For You sold more than three million copies in America, and was certified double platinum by the RIAA.[92][93]
Reviews for Jackson's All for You Tour drew comparison to that of her contemporary rivals. The Los Angeles Times' David Massey reported that compared to Madonna's Drowned World Tour, "Janet outdid the Material Girl by a mile ... And the gall to bring Britney Spears' name into the picture by saying Janet's show is like Britney's? Hello, it's the other way around!."[94] Similarly, reporter Rudy Scalese complimented Jackson's performance, stating, "Janet Jackson hasn't skipped a beat. She is still the Queen of Pop."[94] In contrast, Charles Passy of The Palm Beach Post commented, "[s]eeing Jackson's show after Madonna's 'Drowned World' tour is to realize the limits of the pop-concert format. Madonna pushed those limits and came up with a daring hybrid of circus, theater and music. Jackson, on the other hand, lived within the constraints."[95] Jackson donated a portion of the proceeds from the tour's ticket sales to the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, with President Roxanne Spillett stating, "[t]he increased awareness she will bring to our cause, along with her generous financial contribution, will help us reach an even greater number of young people in search of hope and opportunity."[96]
In 2002, Jackson collaborated with reggae singer Beenie Man on the song "Feel It Boy". Jackson later admitted regret over the collaboration after discovering Beenie Man's music often contained homophobic lyrics, and she issued an apology to her gay following in an article contained in The Voice.[97] Jackson also began her relationship with record producer Jermaine Dupri that same year.[98]

2004–2005: Super Bowl XXXVIII and Damita Jo
Main article: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy

Jackson and Justin Timberlake at the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February 2004.
For the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February 2004, Jackson performed a medley of her singles "All for You" and "Rhythm Nation"; she then performed alongside Justin Timberlake. As Timberlake sang the lyric "gonna have you naked by the end of this song" from his single "Rock Your Body", he tore open Jackson's top, exposing her right breast. After the performance, Jackson apologized, calling it an accident, and said that Timberlake was supposed to pull away the bustier and leave the red-lace bra intact.[99] She further commented, "I am really sorry if I offended anyone. That was truly not my intention ... MTV, CBS, the NFL had no knowledge of this whatsoever, and unfortunately, the whole thing went wrong in the end."[100] Timberlake also issued an apology, calling the accident a "wardrobe malfunction".[99] Time magazine reported that the incident became the most replayed moment in TiVo history and Monte Burke of Forbes magazine reported "[t]he fleeting moment enticed an estimated 35,000 new subscribers to sign up."[101][102] Jackson was later listed in the 2007 edition of Guinness World Records as "Most Searched in Internet History" and the "Most Searched for News Item".[103] CBS, the NFL, and MTV (CBS's sister network, which produced the halftime show), denied any knowledge of, and all responsibility for, the incident. Still, the Federal Communications Commission continued an investigation, ultimately losing its appeal for a $550,000 fine against CBS.[104]
As a result of the incident, CBS would only allow Jackson and Timberlake to appear during the 46th Grammy Awards ceremony if they each made a public apology to the network, without attributing the incident to a "wardrobe malfunction". Timberlake issued an apology, but Jackson refused.[105] Jermaine Dupri resigned from his position on the Grammy Awards committee as a result.[106] The controversy halted plans for Jackson to star in a made-for-TV biopic on the life on singer Lena Horne for ABC-TV. Though Horne was reportedly displeased by the Super Bowl incident and insisted that ABC pull Jackson from the project, according to Jackson's representatives, she withdrew from the project willingly.[107]
In March 2004, Jackson's eighth studio album, Damita Jo, was released debuting at number two on the Billboard 200.[6][108] Steve Jones of USA Today reported, "[t]he album, which takes its title from [Jackson's] middle name, shows several sides of her personality."[109] During the interview Jackson commented, "[t]he album is about love ... Damita Jo is one of the characters that lives inside of me."[109] Lorraine Ali of Newsweek reported Jackson's album depicts vulnerability. She commented, "and who would know better what it's like to stand exposed? Her Super Bowl debacle/accident/publicity stunt aside, she's the ninth and youngest child of pop culture's most scrutinized celebrity family."[110]
Jackson appeared as a host of Saturday Night Live on April 10, 2004, where she performed a skit that parodied the Super Bowl incident. She also appeared in the television sitcom Will & Grace playing herself, interacting with sitcom characters Karen Walker and Jack McFarland as Jack was auditioning to be one of her back-up dancers.[111] By the end of 2004, Damita Jo had sold 942,000 copies in the United States and was later certified platinum by the RIAA.[112] Although the album debuted at number two, its three singles all failed to become top 40 hits.[108] Keith Caulfield of Billboard commented, "[f]or a singles artist like Jackson, who has racked up 27 top 10 Hot 100 singles in her career, including 10 No. 1s, this could probably be considered a disappointment."[108] Billboard's Clover Hope reported Damita Jo "was largely overshadowed by the Super Bowl fiasco" and that Jermaine Dupri, the then-president of the urban music department at Virgin Records, expressed "sentiments of nonsupport" from the company.[92]
In November 2004, Jackson was honored as an African-American role model by 100 Black Men of America, Inc., who presented her with the "organization's Artistic Achievement Award saluting 'a career that has gone from success to greater success'."[113] Though the New York Amsterdam News reported "[t]here were a number of attendees who expressed dismay over presenting an award to the 38-year-old performer" due to the Super Bowl incident, the organization's President Paul Williams responded, "[a]n individual's worth can't be judged by a single moment in that person's life."[114][115] In June 2005, Jackson was honored with a Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaign and AIDS Project Los Angeles, in recognition of her work and involvement in raising money for AIDS charities.[116]

2006–2007: 20 Y.O. and Why Did I Get Married?
To promote her ninth studio album, 20 Y.O., Jackson appeared on the cover of Us Weekly in June 2006, which became the magazine's best-selling issue.[117] Virgin Records released 20 Y.O. in September 2006, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[6] Janine Coveney of Billboard reported the album title, 20 Years Old, represents "a celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style of her 1986 breakthrough album, Control."[118] Jackson stated "[t]his album takes me to a place where I haven't been in a while: R&B and dance ... The album also features samples from music that inspired me 20, 25 years ago."[119]
Rolling Stone magazine's Evan Serpick remarked "[t]he title of Janet Jackson's latest album refers to the two decades since she released her breakthrough, Control, with hits like 'Nasty' and 'What Have You Done for Me Lately.' If we were her, we wouldn't make the comparison."[120] However, Glenn Gamboa of Newsday gave the album a positive rating, stating that "[o]n '20 Y.O.' she skips all that drama of breaking free and asserting herself. She also keeps most of the tie-me-up, tie-me-down sexual raunch of her recent albums in the closet. This album is all about dancing and returning to her R&B roots."[121] The album's lead single "Call on Me," a duet with rapper Nelly, peaked at number twenty-five on the Hot 100.[15] 20 Y.O. was certified platinum by the RIAA.[122] Billboard magazine reported the release of 20 Y.O. satisfied Jackson's contract with Virgin Records; Jermaine Dupri, who co-produced 20 Y.O., left his position as head of urban music at Virgin following the "disappointing performance" of Jackson's album.[123]
In January 2007, Jackson was ranked the seventh richest woman in the entertainment business by Forbes magazine, having amassed a fortune of over $150 million.[124] Later that year, Jackson starred opposite Tyler Perry as a psychotherapist named Patrica in the feature film Why Did I Get Married? The film opened at number one at the box office, grossing $21.4 million in its first week.[125] Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe commented that Jackson portrayed her character with "soft authority".[126] In February 2008, Jackson won the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture for her role.[127]

2008: Discipline
In July 2007, Jackson changed labels and signed a record contract with Island Records. Jackson's tenth studio album, Discipline, was released in February 2008, by the Island Def Jam Music Group, debuting on the Billboard 200 at number one.[6] Jackson and Jermaine Dupri severed as executive producers, long-term collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis did not contribute, and Discipline was the first album on which Jackson did not co-write any of the material since 1984's Dream Street.[128] Paul Grein of Yahoo! Music observed that with six number one studio albums, Jackson had "surpasse[d] her brother Michael Jackson, who has amassed five [number one] albums."[129] In an interview with Larry King of CNN, Jackson commented, "Discipline. It's the title track on the album ... But I wanted to name the album Discipline because it has a lot of different meanings for me but the most important would be work—to have done this for as long as I have ... And to have had the success that I've had—not excluding God by any means—but it takes a great deal of focus."[130]
Margeaux Watson of Entertainment Weekly referred to the lyrical content as "cheesy", while Dan Cairns of The Sunday Times called the album "bizarre".[131][132] However, Allmusic's Andy Kellman described the album as "innocent, universal inviting as anything else in Janet's past."[128] Prior to the album's debut, the first single from the album, "Feedback", was leaked to select radio stations in the United States in December 2007. The single peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100.[15] In April 2008, Jackson received the Vanguard Award, a media award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation at the 19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards. The award honors members of the entertainment community who have made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for LGBT people.[75] GLAAD President Neil G. Giuliano commented, "Ms. Jackson has a tremendous following inside the LGBT community and out, and having her stand with us against the defamation that LGBT people still face in our country is extremely significant."[75]

Jackson performs during the Rock Witchu Tour 2008.
Jackson's fifth concert tour—the Rock Witchu Tour—began in September 2008.[133] Amy O'Brian of The Vancouver Sun described Jackson's stage show at the GM Place as a "high-voltage performance".[134] According to O'Brian, "[w]ith an ear-piercing blast of pyrotechnics, a fog of thick cloud and dancers that popped up out of the stage and runway, Jackson proved within the first minutes that she didn't choose the low-budget route for her Rock Witchu Tour."[134] Similarly, Jim Harrington of The Oakland Tribune offered a positive review, stating: "Like Jackson's previous tours, 'Rock Witchu' was a flashy, high-budget extravaganza built on well-choreographed dance routines and plenty of theatrics."[135] That same month, Jackson and her record label parted ways through mutual agreement.[136] In the fourteen months Jackson had been associated with Island Def Jam, her debut album under the label had sold 415,000 copies in the United States and spent fourteen weeks on the Billboard charts.[136] Billboard reported that due to Jackson's dissatisfaction with her album's promotion, "the label agreed to dissolve their relationship with the artist at her request."[136]

Musical style and performance
Jackson has a mezzo-soprano vocal range.[137] Rolling Stone magazine observed, "[h]er wispy voice was a pale echo of Michael's, but on Janet's albums—and in her videos and live performances, which revealed a crisp, athletic dance technique not unlike her brother's—singing wasn't the point", instead commenting that importance was instead placed on "[h]er slamming beats, infectious hooks, and impeccable production values."[44] Jackson's voice has also been praised on occasion. Eric Henderson of Slant claimed critics who judged Jackson harshly for her thin voice "somehow missed the explosive 'gimme a beat' vocal pyrotechnics she unleashes all over 'Nasty' ... Or that they completely dismissed how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'."[138] David Ritz of Rolling Stone compared Jackson's musical style to that of Marvin Gaye, stating, "[l]ike Marvin, autobiography seemed the sole source of her music. Her art, also like Marvin's, floated over a reservoir of secret pain."[139] Jackson has credited her older brothers Michael and Jermaine as her primary musical influences.[139] Other artists attributed as influences on Jackson's music according to Rolling Stone are The Ronettes, Dionne Warwick, Tammi Terrell and Diana Ross.[140]

"Black Cat" (1989)
Written by Jackson and produced by Jellybean Johnson, "Black Cat" was recorded using a mixture of Rockman and Marshall amplifier to give it a heavy metal sound. The song's lyrics convey a stance against substance abuse.
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Jackson's music has encompassed a broad range of genres, including R&B, pop, soul, rap, rock, and dance. Qadree EI-Amin, Jackson's former personal manager, commented, "[s]he's bigger than Barbra Streisand because Streisand can't appeal to the street crowd, as Janet does. But Streisand's rich, elite crowd loves Janet Jackson."[141] When producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis produced Jackson's 1986 album Control, they introduced the emerging style of new jack swing into her music.[20] Richard J. Ripani documented that Jackson and her producers "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."[20]
Jackson has changed her lyrical focus over the years. Gillian G. Gaar, author of She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll (2002), described Control as "an autobiographical tale about her life with her parents, her first marriage, and breaking free."[12] Rickey Vincent stated in his book Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One (1996) that Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 "was the boldest and most successful pop attempt to combine social commentary, celebration, and state-of-the-art dance funk since her brother Michael's efforts to be Bad."[142] On janet., Jackson began to deal primarily with sexual themes. Joshua Klein wrote in The Washington Post that Jackson's public image over the course of her career had shifted "from innocence to experience, inspiring such carnal albums as 1993's 'Janet' and 1997's 'The Velvet Rope', the latter of which explored the bonds—figuratively and literally—of love and lust."[143] Jackson explained the recurring themes on her later albums by saying, "I love love and I love sex."[144] She stated during promotion for janet., "I love feeling deeply sexual—and don't mind letting the world know. For me, sex has become a celebration, a joyful part of the creative process."[10]

Choreography
Jackson drew her inspiration from the musicals she watched in her youth for her music videos and performances, and was heavily influenced by the choreography of Fred Astaire and Michael Kidd, among others.[145] Throughout her career, Jackson has worked with numerous professional choreographers such as Paula Abdul, Michael Kidd, and Tina Landon. Landon also took part in the choreography for Michael and Janet Jackson's 1995 music video Scream.[146] Janine Coveney of Billboard observed that "Jackson's musical declaration of independence [Control] launched a string of hits, an indelible production sound, and an enduring image cemented by groundbreaking video choreography and imagery that pop vocalists still emulate."[118] Qadree EI-Amin remarked that artists such as "Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera pattern their performances after Janet's proven dance-diva persona."[141]
The Independent writer Nicholas Barber commented in his review for The Velvet Rope Tour that "Janet's concerts are the pop equivalent of a summer blockbuster movie, with all the explosions, special effects, ersatz sentimentality, gratuitous cleavage and emphasis on spectacle over coherence that the term implies."[147] When The Los Angeles Times reporter Robert Hilburn asked Jackson "[d]o you understand it when people talk about [The Velvet Rope Tour] in terms of Broadway?", she responded, "I'm crazy about Broadway ... That's what I grew up on."[76] Thor Christensen of the Dallas Morning News reported that Jackson lip syncs in concert; he wrote, "Janet Jackson—one of pop's most notorious onstage lip-syncers—conceded ... she uses 'some' taped vocals to augment her live vocals. But she refused to say what percentage of her concert 'voice' is taped and how much is live."[148] Jackson's ex-husband and former choreographer René Elizondo Jr. commented, "[i]f Janet sat on the stool and strummed her guitar, she could sing an eight-hour show ... Whoever says they don't use taped vocals doesn't dance."[148]

Legacy
See also: List of Janet Jackson awards and Janet Jackson as gay icon
The baby sister of the "precious Jackson clan",[149] Janet Jackson has strived to distance her professional career from that of her older brother Michael and the rest of the Jackson family. Phillip McCarthy of Sydney Morning Herald noted that throughout her recording career, one of her common conditions for interviewers has been that there would be no mention of Michael.[150] Joshua Klein wrote, "[f]or the first half of her recording career, Janet Jackson sounded like an artist with something to prove. Emerging in 1982 just as big brother Michael was casting his longest shadow, Jackson filled her albums not so much with songs as with declarations, from 'The Pleasure Principle' to the radical-sounding 'Rhythm Nation' to the telling statement of purpose, 'Control'."[143] Steve Huey of Allmusic asserted that despite being born into a family of entertainers, Janet Jackson has managed to emerge a "superstar" in her own right, rivaling not only several female recording artists including Madonna and Whitney Houston, but also her brother, while "successfully [shifting] her image from a strong, independent young woman to a sexy, mature adult."[151] Klein argued that "stardom was not too hard to predict, but few could have foreseen that Janet—Miss Jackson, if you're nasty—would one day replace Michael as true heir to the Jackson family legacy."[143]
Jim Cullen observed in Popular Culture in American History (2001) that although it was Michael Jackson's Thriller that originally synchronized music video with album sales, Janet Jackson saw the visualization of her music elevate her to the status of a pop culture icon.[152] According to Larry Starr and Christopher Alan Waterman, authors of American Popular Music : The Rock Years (2006), when the American music industry began its economic recovery in the mid-1980s from the fall of the disco era, Janet Jackson, among other multi-platinum selling music artists, was acknowledged for stimulating the overall increase in consumer purchasing of LPs, cassette tapes and CDs.[153] In March 2008, Business Wire reported "Janet Jackson is one of the top ten selling artists in the history of contemporary music; ranked by Billboard magazine as the ninth most successful act in rock and roll history, and the second most successful female artist in pop music history."[1]
Jackson's musical style and choreography have influenced a number of recording artists. R&B singer Cassie has referred to herself as "die-hard Janet Jackson fan" and elaborated, "I'd love to emulate Janet's career—totally ... She's incredible, from her moves to her voice."[154] The Chicago Tribune reported, "Cassie isn't the first artist to be measured against Janet Jackson, and odds are she won't be the last."[154] Aaliyah Remembered (2005) documented that Janet Jackson was someone Aaliyah had "always desired to work with" and Aaliyah herself commented, "I admire her a great deal. She's a total performer ... I'd love to do a duet with Janet Jackson."[155] Ciara has acknowledged Janet Jackson as one of her primary influences, stating, "It seems like just yesterday I was watching Janet Jackson on TV; now, some people compare me to her."[156] Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal and Constitution reported Beyoncé Knowles "has been nothing but reverential of the singer"; Knowles expressed "I love Janet Jackson! ... I have nothing but positive things to say about her."[157] Pam Sitt of The Seattle Times reported that "pop stars Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, among others, have credited Jackson as an influence."[